COMPUTER NETWORKIG
 

Chapter 1: What is a Network?
• Introduction
• Local Area Network
• Wide Area Network
• Advantages of a School Network
• Disadvantages of a School Network

What is a Network?

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

Two very common types of networks include:

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

You may also see references to a Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), or a Wireless WAN (WWAN).

Local Area Network

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building.

Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations. Servers are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network. Services provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and sharing, messaging, data storage and retrieval, complete access control (security) for the network's resources, and many others.

Workstations are called such because they typically do have a human user which interacts with the network through them. Workstations were traditionally considered a desktop, consisting of a computer, keyboard, display, and mouse, or a laptop, with with integrated keyboard, display, and touchpad. With the advent of the tablet computer, and the touch screen devices such as iPad and iPhone, our definition of workstation is quickly evolving to include those devices, because of their ability to interact with the network and utilize network services.

Servers tend to be more powerful than workstations, although configurations are guided by needs. For example, a group of servers might be located in a secure area, away from humans, and only accessed through the network. In such cases, it would be common for the servers to operate without a dedicated display or keyboard. However, the size and speed of the server's processor(s), hard drive, and main memory might add dramatically to the cost of the system. On the other hand, a workstation might not need as much storage or working memory, but might require an expensive display to accommodate the needs of its user. Every computer on a network should be appropriately configured for its use.

On a single LAN, computers and servers may be connected by cables or wirelessly. Wireless access to a wired network is made possible by wireless access points (WAPs). These WAP devices provide a bridge between computers and networks. A typical WAP might have the theoretical capacity to connect hundreds or even thousands of wireless users to a network, although practical capacity might be far less.

Nearly always servers will be connected by cables to the network, because the cable connections remain the fastest. Workstations which are stationary (desktops) are also usually connected by a cable to the network, although the cost of wireless adapters has dropped to the point that, when installing workstations in an existing facility with inadequate wiring, it can be easier and less expensive to use wireless for a desktop.

See the Topology, Cabling, and Hardware sections of this tutorial for more information on the configuration of a LAN.

Wide Area Network

Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect networks in larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect this type of global network.

Using a WAN, schools in Florida can communicate with places like Tokyo in a matter of seconds, without paying enormous phone bills. Two users a half-world apart with workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams might teleconference in real time. A WAN is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to connect local and metropolitan networks to global communications networks like the Internet. To users, however, a WAN will not appear to be much different than a LAN.

Advantages of Installing a School Network

User access control.

Modern networks almost always have one or more servers which allows centralized management for users and for network resources to which they have access. User credentials on a privately-owned and operated network may be as simple as a user name and password, but with ever-increasing attention to computing security issues, these servers are critical to ensuring that sensitive information is only available to authorized users.

Information storing and sharing.

Computers allow users to create and manipulate information. Information takes on a life of its own on a network. The network provides both a place to store the information and mechanisms to share that information with other network users.

Connections.

Administrators, instructors, and even students and guests can be connected using the campus network.

Services.

The school can provide services, such as registration, school directories, course schedules, access to research, and email accounts, and many others. (Remember, network services are generally provided by servers).

Internet.

The school can provide network users with access to the internet, via an internet gateway.

Computing resources.

The school can provide access to special purpose computing devices which individual users would not normally own. For example, a school network might have high-speed high quality printers strategically located around a campus for instructor or student use.

Flexible Access.

School networks allow students to access their information from connected devices throughout the school. Students can begin an assignment in their classroom, save part of it on a public access area of the network, then go to the media center after school to finish their work. Students can also work cooperatively through the network.

Workgroup Computing.

Collaborative software allows many users to work on a document or project concurrently. For example, educators located at various schools within a county could simultaneously contribute their ideas about new curriculum standards to the same document, spreadsheets, or website.

Disadvantages of Installing a School Network

Expensive to Install.

Large campus networks can carry hefty price tags. Cabling, network cards, routers, bridges, firewalls, wireless access points, and software can get expensive, and the installation would certainly require the services of technicians. But, with the ease of setup of home networks, a simple network with internet access can be setup for a small campus in an afternoon.

Requires Administrative Time.

Proper maintenance of a network requires considerable time and expertise. Many schools have installed a network, only to find that they did not budget for the necessary administrative support.

Servers Fail.

Although a network server is no more susceptible to failure than any other computer, when the files server "goes down" the entire network may come to a halt. Good network design practices say that critical network services (provided by servers) should be redundant on the network whenever possible.

Cables May Break.

The Topology chapter presents information about the various configurations of cables. Some of the configurations are designed to minimize the inconvenience of a broken cable; with other configurations, one broken cable can stop the entire network.

Security and compliance.

Network security is expensive. It is also very important. A school network would possibly be subject to more stringent security requirements than a similarly-sized corporate network, because of its likelihood of storing personal and confidential information of network users, the danger of which can be compounded if any network users are minors. A great deal of attention must be paid to network services to ensure all network content is appropriate for the network community it serves.

 

A Biography of Adolf Hitler - Early Days - 1889-1908

Hitler's Birthplace

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. The town is near to the Austro-German border, and his father, Alois, worked as a customs officer on the border crossing. His mother, Klara, had previously given birth to two other children by Alois, (Gustav and Ida) but they both died in their infancy. Adolf attended school from the age of six and the family lived in various villages around the town of Linz, east of Braunau. By this time Adolf had a younger brother, Edmund, but he only lived until the age of six. In 1896, Klara gave birth to Adolf 's sister, Paula, who survived to outlive him.

Adolf Hitler grew up with a poor record at school and left, before completing his tuition, with an ambition to become an artist. Alois Hitler had died when Adolf was thirteen and Klara brought up Adolf and Paula on her own. Between the ages of sixteen and nineteen, young Adolf neither worked to earn his keep, nor formally studied, but had gained an interest in politics and history. During this time he unsuccessfully applied for admission to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

Klara Hitler died from cancer when Adolf was nineteen and from then onwards he had no relatives willing or able to support him. So, in 1909, he moved to Vienna in the hope of somehow earning a living. Within a year he was living in homeless shelters and eating at charity soup-kitchens. He had declined to take regular employment and took occasional menial jobs and sold some of his paintings or advertising posters whenever he could to provide sustenance.

In 1913 Adolf Hitler, still a penniless vagrant, moved to Munich in southern Germany. Hitler during WW1At the outbreak of the First World War, in 1914, he volunteered for service in the German army and was accepted into the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment . Hitler fought bravely in the war and was promoted to corporal and decorated with both the Iron Cross Second Class and First Class, the latter of which he wore until his dying day [ironically the regimental captain who recommended him for the award was Jewish]. The day of the announcement of the armistice in 1918, Hitler was in hospital recovering from temporary blindness caused by a British gas attack in the Ypres Salient. In December 1918 he returned to his regiment back in Munich.

 

Sterneckerbrau Beer Hall  Munich

Between December 1918 and March 1919 Hitler worked at a prisoner-of-war camp at Traunstein before returning again to Munich. Shortly after his return he witnessed a takeover bid by local Communists who seized power before being ousted by the army. After he gave evidence at an investigation into the takeover he was asked to become part of a local army organization which was responsible for persuading returning soldiers not to turn to communism or pacifism. During his training for this tasks and during his subsequent duties he was able to hone his oratory skills. As part of his duties he was also asked to spy on certain local political groups, and during a meeting of the German Workers' Party in the Sterneckerbrau Beer Hall Munich he became so incensed by one of the speeches that he delivered a fierce harangue to the speaker. The founder of the party, Anion Drexler, was so impressed by Hitler's tirade that he asked him to join their organization. Hitler, after some thought, finally agreed to join the committee and became their seventh official in September 1919

 

Learn Online Computer

दोस्तों English में जानकारी देने के लिए

माफ़ी  चाहता हूँ

जानकारी Microsoft द्वारा उपद्ल्ब्ध की गयी है

Windows Xp Tips & Tricks

Speed up menu display

Microsoft Windows XP uses many visual effects to provide a rich, friendly interface. One of these settings allows menus to fade into view when you open them. This visual effect is so smooth that you may never have noticed it; however, the effect does cause menus to take a little longer to appear.

On a fast computer, this shouldn’t be an issue. But on a computer that isn’t responding as quickly as you’d like, you can make menus display faster.

To speed up menu display

1.

Click Start. Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.

My Computer shortcut menu with Properties selected

2.

Click the Advanced tab. In the Performance area, click Settings.

System Properties dialog box Advanced tab with Settings button selected

3.

On the Visual Effects tab in the Performance Options dialog box, clear the Fade or slide menus into view check box.

Visual Effects tab in Performance Options dialog box with Fade or slide menus into view selected

4.

Click OK.

5.

In the System Properties dialog box, click OK.

Advanced tab in System Properties dialog box with OK selected

Now when you click a menu, it will appear almost instantly.

Set your windows so they all have the same view
Published: September 7, 2006
Microsoft Windows XP lets you show the contents of folders in a variety of ways, such as a simple or detailed list of the files, or as thumbnail images. Each folder in My Computer or My Documents can have its own view. That’s useful for folders like My Music or My Pictures, because you can look at your digital photos in Thumbnails or Filmstrip view, and see your song titles in Tiles view. But changing the view for every folder can be time-consuming.
If you prefer to have all your folder contents displayed in a particular way, you can save yourself some time by changing the view for all the folders on your computer at once.
To set your windows so they all have the same view
1. Click Start, and then click My Documents.
Start menu with My Documents selected
2. Click the Views button, and then click the view you want to apply to all folders.
Note: For more information about views, read Specify how folders open.
My Documents window with Views menu displayed
3. Click Tools, and then click Folder Options.
Tools menu with Folder Options selected
4. Click the View tab, and then click Apply to All Folders.
View tab in Folder Options window
5. Click Yes.
Folder views dialog box
6. Click OK.
View tab in Folder Options window with OK button selected
The next time you open a folder, it will be displayed using the view you chose. To restore your original folder settings, repeat steps 1-3. Then, in step 4, click Reset All Folders.

If all the walls in your home are white, stop reading. If you’ve never accessorized an outfit, customized your car, or pierced your body, this article isn’t for you. But if you like adjusting your environment to fit your mood and sense of style, you’ll likely enjoy the number of ways Microsoft Windows XP lets you change the look of your operating system.
You can change everything at once by choosing a theme. There are themes for hundreds of movies, TV shows, sports teams, games, cars, musicians, and anything else people get enthusiastic about. Or you can totally customize the appearance of Windows XP by tuning individual settings.

How to change the theme

Themes can change every aspect of your computer’s appearance, including colors, sounds, pointers, and the desktop background. To change your theme, first find one that appeals to you. The Microsoft Download Center has many themes, or you can search the Web. To find a theme on a particular topic, search for “Download XP Themes topic.” After you download a theme, just install it as you would any other program.
After you’ve installed a theme, you can change it manually.
To change a theme
1. Right-click your desktop, and then click Properties.
Desktop shortcut menu with Properties selected
2. In the Display Properties dialog box, click the Themes tab. Click the Theme list, and then select the theme you want to use.
Theme drop-down box on the Themes tab in Display Properties dialog box
3. Windows XP shows a preview of the theme. If you like how the preview looks, click OK. Otherwise, click Cancel. Go back to step 2 and choose another theme.
Themes tab in Display Properties dialog box with OK button selected
The new theme takes effect immediately.
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How to tune your screen’s

appearance

Themes can change every aspect of your computer screen’s appearance. Sometimes you just want to change one or two things, like the color of your windows or the font size.
To tune the appearance of Windows XP
1. Right-click the desktop, and then click Properties.
Desktop shortcut menu with Properties selected
2. In the Display Properties dialog box, click the Appearance tab.
The Appearance tab in Display Properties dialog box
3. To change the colors used in your screen’s appearance, click the Color scheme list and then click a new color.
The Color schemes drop-down box on the Appearance tab in the Display Properties dialog box
4. To change text size, click the Font size drop-down box, and then click a new size.
The Font size drop-down box on the Appearance tab in the Display Properties dialog box
5. Click the Advanced button.
Appearance tab in Display Properties dialog box, with Advanced button selected
6. In the Advanced Appearance dialog box, click the Item list to select what aspect of the appearance you want to change. The most important items are:
• 3D Objects. The color of buttons and windows.
• Desktop. The color of your desktop if you don’t have a picture.
• Active Title Bar. The color, size, and font on the title bar of the window you’re currently using. You can fade between two different colors.
• Icon. The size and font of the icons on your desktop.
• Inactive Title Bar. The color, size, and font on the title bar of the windows you aren’t currently using. You can fade between two different colors.
• Menu. The size of the text in menus.
• Scrollbar. The width of scrollbars.
• ToolTip. The size of text that appears when you hover your pointer over an object.
After you’ve set all your Advanced Appearance settings, click OK.
Advanced Appearance dialog box with OK button selected
7. In the Display Properties dialog box, click Apply to test your settings. Click Cancel, and return to step 5 to change any settings you don’t like.
The Appearance tab in Display Properties dialog box, with Apply button selected
8. Click OK to close the Display Properties dialog box.
The Appearance tab in Display Properties dialog box with OK button selected
If you get tired of your computer’s new look, you can always change the theme again, or you can select the Windows XP theme to return to the familiar blue. If other people in your home use your computer but don’t share your sense of style, you can set up accounts for each of them. Then everyone can have a look all their own.

Work with shortcuts

You can’t be in more than one place at a time, but—with shortcuts—your files can. Shortcuts are links to programs, documents, files, or Web sites that you can add to your desktop or Start menu. Rather than searching through folders or the Internet every time you want to open a particular file or Web site, simply create a shortcut.
You may not know it, but you use shortcuts all the time. When you click the Start menu, every icon you see is a shortcut. The icons on your desktop are also shortcuts. Without these shortcuts (which are created by Windows or the programs you install), you would have to do a lot of extra work every time you wanted to open a program or empty your recycle bin.
You open a shortcut exactly as you would open a file: by double-clicking it. When you open a shortcut, Windows locates and opens the original file. If you delete the shortcut, the original file is still right where it was.
Find out how to:
• Add a shortcut to your desktop.
• Add a shortcut to your Start menu.
• Add a shortcut that links to a Web site.
• Change a shortcut icon.

How to add a shortcut to your

desktop

If you use your desktop frequently, you should consider adding shortcuts to your favorite files to your desktop.
To add a shortcut to a file on your desktop
1. Browse your My Documents folder and subfolders to find the file you want to create a shortcut for.
2. Right-click the file you want to link to from your desktop, click Send To, and then click Desktop.
File shortcut menu with Send To selected and Desktop selected on submenu
Your file stays in the same place, but you now have a shortcut to that file on your desktop. Notice that the icon on your desktop has an arrow in the lower-left corner. This arrow indicates that you are clicking a shortcut and not the actual file.
A shortcut icon on a desktop
If your desktop gets cluttered with too many shortcuts, you can organize and clean up your desktop.
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How to add a shortcut to your Start

menu

In addition to being able to add shortcuts to your desktop, you can also add shortcuts on your Start menu. Shortcuts to your favorite files can appear alongside your programs.
To add a shortcut to your Start menu
1. Browse your My Documents folder and subfolders to find the file you want to create a shortcut for.
2. Drag the file to the Start button and hold it for about one second.
3. When the Start menu opens, drag the file to the location where you want to add it.
4. Drop the file where you want the shortcut, and a shortcut icon appears.
A shortcut being dragged onto the open Start menu

How to add a shortcut to a Web site

In addition to linking to files on your own computer, you can create shortcuts to your favorite Web sites. Double-click the shortcut, and the Web site will open in your browser.
To create a shortcut to a Web site
1. Open the Web site in Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2. Click and drag the Internet Explorer icon in the Address bar (next to the URL) to your desktop or to the Start menu.
Pointer dragging Internet Explorer icon in Address bar
For more detailed instructions, watch the video Creating a desktop shortcut to a Web site.
Watching the video requires that you have Windows Media Player.
Play video Watch the video now.

How to change the icons in your shortcuts

Shortcuts include a picture called an icon, which can help you find a program or file faster. For example, the My Computer shortcut shows a computer icon, and the Recycle Bin shortcut shows a trash can icon.
Examples of shortcut icons
When you change your Windows theme, the new theme might include a set of custom icons that complement the look of the new desktop. For example, a jungle theme might change your My Computer icon to a giraffe. If you want, you can change one or more icons to something more interesting to you.
The method for changing an icon depends on the icon type. You can:
• Change a system icon.
• Change any other icon on your computer.

How to change system icons

To change system icons
1. Right-click your desktop, and then click Properties.
Desktop shortcut menu with Properties selected
2. In the Display Properties dialog box, click the Desktop tab. Then click Customize Desktop.
Desktop tab in Display Properties dialog box, with Customize Desktop button selected
3. On the General tab, click the icon you want to change. Then, click Change Icon.
The Desktop Items window with Change Icon button selected
4. Click the Browse button, and select the folder to which you saved your icons. Click the View Menu button, and then click Thumbnails.
The Change Icon window with Thumbnails selected on menu
5. Click the icon you want to use, and then click Open.
The Change Icon window with Open button selected
6. Click OK.
Change Icon window with OK button selected
7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 to change other icons. When you are finished changing your icons, click OK twice.
The General tab in Desktop Items window with OK button selected

How to change non-system icons

To change icons other than system icons
1. Find icons that suit your sense of style. For example, enter “download Windows icons” in your favorite Internet search tool.
2. Download the icons and save them to your computer.
3. Right-click the shortcut for which you want to change the icon, and then click Properties.
Shortcut menu for shortcut on All Programs menu with Properties selected
4. On the Shortcut tab in the Internet Explorer Properties dialog box, click Change Icon.
The Shortcut tab in Internet Explorer Properties dialog box with Change Icon button selected
5. Click the Browse button.
Change Icon window with the Browse button selected
6. Select the folder to which you saved your icons. Click the View Menu button, and then click Thumbnails.
The Change Icon window with Thumbnails selected on menu
7. Select the icon you want to use, and then click Open.
The Change Icon window with Open button selected
8. Click OK.
The Change Icon window with OK button selected
9. In the Internet Explorer Properties dialog box, click OK again.
The Internet Explorer Properties dialog box with OK button selected
10. Repeat steps 3 through 9 to change additional icons.

Increase the clarity of text

You can make text much easier to read on your computer screen by enabling ClearType. This technology, included with Microsoft Windows XP, changes the way fonts look on your screen to make them easier to read. The following sample shows standard text on the left and ClearType text on the right.

Example of standard text on left and ClearType text on right
Example of standard text on left and ClearType text on right
To enable ClearType
1. Right-click the desktop, and then click Properties.
Desktop shortcut menu with Properties selected
2. In the Display Properties dialog box, click the Appearance tab.
Display Properties dialog box Appearance tab
3. Click the Effects button.
Pointer on Effects button in Appearance tab in Display Properties dialog box
4. Click the Use the following method to smooth edges of screen fonts check box (if it is not already selected), click the down arrow, and then click ClearType.
Effects dialog box with ClearType selected
5. Click OK.
Effects dialog box with pointer on OK button
6. In the Display Properties dialog box, click OK again.
Display Properties dialog box with pointer on OK button
ClearType improves the clarity of most fonts; however, there are several fonts that do not support this technology. You can still use those fonts—they just won’t look as clear to you as those that support ClearType.

Customize your Start menu

The Start menu is the gateway to your programs, your computer’s settings, and the Internet. Over time, however, the Start menu can get so cluttered that you have to work to find what you need. If you’ve ever stared at your All Programs menu for more than a second trying to find a program, it’s time to organize it.
To make your Start menu more manageable, you can:
• Pin (or attach) commonly used programs to the Start menu
• Reorganize the folders in your All Programs menu
The sections that follow describe each of these techniques. Even if you have just a few minutes to spare, read the first section—it will save you time over the long run.

Pin commonly used programs to the Start menu
If you have a hard time finding applications in your All Programs menu, you can “pin” your favorite applications to the Start menu (you are actually pinning the applications’ icons to the Start menu). This way, they will appear in the Start menu when you click the Start button. Then you can start the application with just two mouse clicks—without opening the All Programs menu.
To pin a program to the Start menu
1. Click the Start button.
Start menu
2. Click All Programs.
All Programs item on Start menu
3. Right-click the program you want to pin to the Start menu, and then click Pin to Start menu.
Program name selected and Pin to Start menu selected
The program appears on the upper-left side of the Start menu. To start the program, click the Start button, and then click the program.
To remove (or unpin) a program icon that you’ve pinned to the Start menu
1. Click the Start button.
Start menu
2. Right-click the program you want to remove from the Start menu, and then click Unpin from Start menu.
Program selected and Unpin from Start menu selected

Reorganize the folders in your All

Programs menu

When you install a new program, Microsoft Windows XP adds it to the bottom of your All Programs menu. That’s like a library shelving books according to when they were published—you might have a hard time finding the one you’re looking for. Luckily, you have total control over the organization of your All Programs menu; you just need to take a minute and arrange it.
To reorganize your All Programs menu
1. Right-click the Start button, and then click Explore.
Start button shortcut menu with Explore selected
Windows XP opens an Explorer window showing your Start menu.
In the Programs subfolder, you can create organizational folders, such as Games, Media, and Internet. Later, you can move programs into those folders according to their categories.
2.
Create a subfolder of the Programs folder:
• a. Click Programs.
Start menu window with Programs subfolder displayed beneath Start menu folder
• b. Click the File menu, click New, and then click Folder.
Programs window with path to create new folder from File menu displayed
• c. Type a name for the folder, and then press ENTER.
Programs window with new folder displayed
• d. Repeat steps a-c to add more organizational folders, if needed.
3. Now that you have created your organizational folders, you can move programs into those folders:
• a. Click the Programs folder.
Programs window with Programs folder selected
• b. In the right pane, drag the program icon or folder you want to move into your organizational folder.
Program icon being moved to a folder
• c. Repeat steps a-b to move more programs, if needed.
Now, browse through your All Programs menu to test your new organization. You may see programs in your All Programs menu that did not appear in the Explorer window. These programs were installed for anyone who uses your computer, while the programs you organized in steps 1-3 were installed for just your user account.
To organize the programs that all users can access
1. Right-click the Start button, and then click Explore All Users.
Start button shortcut menu with Explore All Users selected
2. Follow the steps outlined in the preceding section, beginning with step 2.
You may notice that programs reappear in the Start menu after you have moved them. When you install a program update, the update will sometimes restore the original links. You can safely delete these links by right-clicking them in the All Programs menu and then clicking Delete. The links from your customized Programs folders will remain intact.
All Programs item selected for deletion

Customize your mouse settings

Some people like their mouse pointer to move fast, while others prefer slow and precise mouse movement. The Microsoft Windows XP default mouse settings are designed to meet the needs of the average user, but you may want to change the settings. By adjusting your mouse settings, you can change your mouse and scroll wheel speed, the size and shape of your pointer, and how quickly you double-click.
To customize your mouse settings
1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
The Start menu with Control Panel selected
2. Click Printers and Other Hardware.
Control Panel with Printers and Other Hardware selected
3. Click Mouse.
Or pick a Control Panel icon page with Mouse selected
4. In the Mouse Properties dialog box, click the Buttons tab.
5. Drag the Double-click speed slider to adjust how quickly you want to click. Test the setting by double-clicking the folder icon. Then click Apply.
The Buttons tab in Mouse Properties dialog box with pointer on Double-click speed slider
6. On the Pointers tab, click the down arrow in the drop-down box to choose a pointer scheme. Windows Standard (extra large) or Magnified are good choices if you have a high-resolution monitor or if you have difficulty seeing your cursor. Dinosaur is perfect if you have kids, and Conductor is fun for musicians. Click Apply to immediately change your cursor.
Mouse Properties dialog box, Pointers tab, with pointer over Dinosaur (system scheme)
7. The Pointer Options tab gives you access to several additional settings. You can:
• Drag the Select a pointer speed slider to change how fast your mouse moves.
• Select the Automatically move pointer to the default button in a dialog box check box if you use a notebook computer.
• Select the Display pointer trails and Show location of pointer when I press the CTRL key check boxes if you ever have a difficult time finding your cursor.
The Pointer Options tab in the Mouse Properties dialog box
8. After you make your changes, click Apply.
9. On the Wheel tab, increase the number to make your scroll wheel move faster, or decrease the number to make it move slower. Then click Apply.
The Wheel tab in the Mouse Properties dialog box
10. Once you’ve made your changes, test them using your favorite program. If you like your changes, return to the Mouse Properties dialog box and click OK.
The Wheel tab in the Mouse Properties dialog box with OK selected
To allow everyone who uses your computer to have their own mouse settings, create separate accounts for each person. After you use your new mouse settings for a few days, you may decide to fine-tune them further and change them again.

How to Format & Reinstall

            How to Format & Reinstall      
           Windows XP Without a CD

Instructions

1.  

o      Back up all data to an external hard drive before

proceeding

o    2

Open the "i386" folder within "Windows" located in the root of the C: driv

o    3

Double-click the "winnt32.exe" file. This will launch the Windows XP installer utility.

o    4

Follow the on-screen prompts for instructions on how to format and reinstall Windows XP. Enter your Windows XP Product Key as prompted (located on the computer itself, most likely). When the process completes, the system will reboot and launch into your newly reinstalled Windows XP operating